Note that we do not contend that these signs are Cherokee - only that there are some formal similarities (McKussick [1979] incorrectly asserts that the signs actually are a form of Cherokee). main line would then read RQ , LYHWD[M], i.e. [15][1] McCulloch mostly agreed with Gordon's assessment of the stone as Ancient Hebrew, and expressed, "My own conviction is that the Bat Creek inscription is a rustic, and therefore imperfect, specimen of paleo-Hebrew". If it could be shown to work even better as Coelbren, 1970b Prof Says Jews Found America. 1-33. Gordon, Cyrus H. As to the specific signs on the Bat Creek stone, several are passable Cherokee, and the inspiration for the remainder could have been any number of published sources, including illustrations of the Grave Creek stone and the Davenport tablets. Our analysis will focus primarily on alleged similarities with Paleo-Hebrew, although a few comments will be made concerning Thomas' (1890, 1894) identification of the signs as Cherokee. Gordon (1971, 1972) later identified sign viii as "aleph," but did not mention it in a subsequent discussion of the Bat Creek stone (Gordon 1974). approximate site, possibly making a complete loop That Gordon's penchant for pre-Columbian contacts lies outside mainstream scholarly research is evident in the following: "No politically astute member of the establishment who prizes his professional reputation is likely to risk his good name for the sake of a truth that his peers (and therefore the public) may not be prepared to accept for fifty or a hundred years" (Gordon 1974:20). The Characters 1983 The Secret: America in World History Before Columbus. Brass C-shaped wire bracelets are relatively common artifacts on eighteenth century historic sites in eastern North America, including Native American cemeteries (e.g., Stone 1974; Mainfort 1979; Brain 1979 lists a number of additional sites). 1922 Cherokee and Earlier Remains on Upper Tennessee. Find info on Scientific Research and Development Services companies in , including financial statements, sales and marketing contacts, top competitors, and firmographic insights. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly. The Bat Creek stone is a relatively flat, thin piece of ferruginous siltstone, approximately 11.4 cm long and 5.1 cm wide. "The Translation" (Bat Creek Stone), Dr. Arnold Murray, Shepherd's Chapel, STONE OF DESTINY by E. Raymond Capt, Shepherd's Chapel Documentaries, "Great Conspiracy" by Pastor Arnold Murray, ShepherdsChapel.com, RED LINE by Pastor Dennis Murry, Shepherd's Chapel, Shepherd's Chapel: When Is The White Throne Judgement. Dalton claims that the Sacred Stone is a revealed translation of the Rosetta Stone, even though the actual Egyptian translation of the stone into English is well known. Gordon, Cyrus, Before Columbus (New York, Crown, 1971b), Appendix. Despite their academic trappings, rogue professors "have lost the absolutely essential ability to make qualitative assessments of the data they are studying," while often ignoring scientific standards of testing and veracity. American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal 12(1):54. 1914 The American Indian in the United States, Period 1850-1914. even among Celtic enthusiasts, Hodges, New York, 1890. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin No. in the Siloam inscription and the Qumran Paleo-Hebrew Leviticus Our mission is to defend, protect, and preserve free speech online for all people. Hence, Thomas's interpretation, although incorrect, at least had some basis. 7), as shown below, but inverted to Gordon's proposed Hebrew orientation. [2], North America has a vast and significant history, a "rich history" that belongs to "sophisticated Native American civilizations" and pre-dates the introduction of European settler colonialism. There are, however, a number of unpublished documents that shed some light on the issue. the Macoy illustration, begins with the Masonic Cole, John R. Radiocarbon dating of the wood spools returned a date of 32-769 AD. have, in addition to a loop on the right, an arm to the left A Coelbren alphabet is provided online by More conclusive evidence regarding the stone's authenticity comes from two additional sources. Hodge, Frederick W. (editor) According to Emmert's field notes, the Bat Creek Stone was found in Mound3. is the modern invention of Edward Williams 1988 The Bat Creek Inscription: Cherokee or Hebrew? or any other alphabet, the Hebrew reading would have to somehow, tonight, i took a web surfing journey (trying to find some collaboration that arnold murray actually translated bat creek stone, and if so, if it was considered legitimate) and wound up on your site (Spirit leading? This CHANNEL IS NOT MONITIZED and never will be monetized. Reprinted in Ancient American Vol. 3, Such findings may finally provide precedent to re-examine the Newark Holy Stones which also bear ancient Hebrew inscriptions and were recovered from a Hopewell burial mound near Newark Ohio. Initially, the inscription was thought to be in the Cherokee alphabet, invented by Sequoyah around 1821. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 30.Washington. Scratched through the patinated exterior on one surface are a minimum of 8, and possibly as many as 9 (excluding a small mark identified by some writers as a word divider), signs that resemble alphabetic characters (Figure 1). Both inscriptions do contain two words, with the identical string originally proposed by Mertz. of the name YHWH or Yahweh of the Hebrew God, is a common In: Archaeology of the Eastern United States, edited by J.B. Griffin, pp. In this respect, they appear to be similar to the heavier brass bracelets found with the "Tunica Treasure" (Brain 1979:193-194). I own no rights to the film.Mary Hartski skit excerpt from \"Big Chuck and Hoolihan/Lil' John Show\" from WJW-TV out of Cleveland, Ohio. Anthropologist 13(2) :79-123. 1 (Jan./Feb. The Bat Creek stone from eastern Tennessee is a notable exception and is considered by cult archaeologists to be the best piece of evidence for pre-Columbian contacts by Old World cultures. viii: Again we concur with the initial assessment by Gordon (Mahan 1971:43) that this sign is "not in the Canaanite system." 2. Kirk, Lowell, In 1964, Chicago patent attorney Henriette Mertz and Hebrew linguistics expert Dr. Cyrus Gordon identified the writing as a form of ancient Paleo-Hebrew Judean. They discovered that the stone had been published by the Smithsonian upside down and that it was legible Hebrew, once the stone was rotated 180 degrees. 1-2. To read lyhwdm is also impossible on two grounds. Specimens similar (albeit not necessarily identical) to the Bat Creek bracelets are we! [1] assumed that the words should be separated by a space, a plausible spot. and Kwas article, enumerating these 1907 Inscribed Tablets. Whiteford (1952:218), in a reference to the Bat Creek stone, mentions an "enigmatic engraved stone," while sharply criticizing the eastern Tennessee research conducted under Thomas' direction and questioning the authenticity of some of the archaeological features reported by John Emmert. forms the dative case, indicating for, to, or belonging to fact that during the Civil War, Emmert served in the Confederate Quartermaster Department, presumably as a result of his previous experience as a "store keeper" (John W. Emmert, Compiled Service Record, M268/346, National Archives). During the last 20 years, the assertion that the Americas were visited numerous times by Old World seafarers has seen a major resurgence of interest, as witnessed by numerous best-selling books on the subject (e.g., Fell 1976; Gordon 1971, 1974) and the establishment of several "epigraphic societies" (i.e., amateur societies interested in the decipherment of alleged pre-Columbian inscriptions) devoted to proving these claims. 1975 Unexpected Faces in Ancient America, 1500 B.C. Silverberg, Robert Does Arnold Murray understand Hebrew? MinnesotaHistorical Society, St. Paul. Wolter, Scott, and Richard D. Stehly. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. separated by a dot or short diagonal stroke does not prove that the Mazar assistant who supposedly [2] This excavation was part of a larger series of excavations that aimed to clarify the controversy regarding who is responsible for building the various mounds found in the Eastern United States. Despite the impeccable detail of this lithograph, Following McCulloch (1988), the signs are numbered i - viii from left to right, with viii appearing below the other signs. ", "Let's be Serious About the Bat Creek Stone", "White Settlers Buried the Truth About the Midwest's Mysterious Mound Cities", "Introduction: Settler Colonialism, History, and Theory", "Cyrus H. Gordon (1908-2001): A Giant among Scholars", "Additional digging uncovers source of Bat Creek hoax". The artifacts, including bronze or brass bracelets that Dr. Wolter . Hodges, New York. 2, p. 127. Mainfort, Robert C., and Mary L. Kwas, "The Bat Creek Stone Revisited: A Fraud The Bat Creek Stone was recovered during a professional archaeological dig by John W. Emmert of the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of Ethnology in 1889, during its Mound Survey Project. 54-55 ff., be abandoned. 1930 The Mound Builders. Both Professors Cross and Williams read and commented on an earlier version of this paper. The Bat Creek mounds (40LD24) were located near the confluence of Bat Creek and the Little Tennessee River in Loudon County, Tennessee. make a few comments about Cyrus Thomas' (1890:35) claim that "some of the characters, if not all, are letters of the Cherokee alphabet" and later (1894:393) that "the engraved characters are beyond question letters of the Cherokee alphabet" In the only published analysis of the Bat Creek inscription as Cherokee, McCulloch (1988) makes a reasonable case for his contention that several signs are impossible for Cherokee and that the inscription is not translateable as Cherokee. instead. indication as to how they read the letters on the Bat Creek stone inscriptions. 12/28/05. McCarter, P. Kyle, Jr. "Let's be Serious About the Bat Creek Stone". Mainfort 1979:357-359). The Brass Bracelets The apparent age of the inscription suggested to Thomas that the Cherokee possessed a written language prior to the invention of the Cherokee syllabary invented by Sequoyah around 1820. Gordon, Cyrus, "Stone Inscription Found in Tennessee Proves that America was Discovered 1500 Years before Columbus," Argosy Magazine, Jan. 1971a. Fowke, Gerard Newsweek 76(17):65. In McCulloch (1988) I note that N.D.C. Wilson et al. You decide.All images of Arnold Murray are from \"The Translation\" which is the property of Shepherd's Chapel in Gravette, Arkansas (I think). Symbols, December, 1988, pp. word divider read, from right to left, LYHWD, or "for Judea." This arm in fact appears This of course begs the question of why Thomas did not admit to the failings of his magnum opus in a more direct manner. now a TVA Gilbert, William H., Jr. "Thomas also reports enclosed burial areas, vaguely similar to those described above, from Sullivan County. The short however, reflect on the Mound Survey's data-collecting The second line actually contains Craddock, Paul T. 1993, pp. Crown Publishers, Inc., New York. Pp 181, This page was last edited on 15 March 2023, at 01:56. conceivably be either an aleph or a waw, report. While we cannot be certain that he personally inscribed the signs on the Bat Creek stone, we are convinced that John W. Emmert was responsible for the forgery. 145. Under the skull and mandible of Burial 1 "two copper bracelets, an engraved stone, a small drilled fossil, a copper bead, a bone implement, and some small pieces of polished wood soft and colored green by contact with the copper bracelets" were found. scroll. The distinctive Bat Creek has an undeniable affinity to Paleo-Hebrew, and In context, Gordon is saying here that mainsteam researchers who disagree with his contention that all "advanced" cultures are directly traceable to the Near East do so out of fear and peer pressure, rather than the fact that much of the evidence that he presents is of a very dubious nature (see also Chadwick 1969 and Lambert 1984). by P. Kyle McCarter, BAR July/August 1993, pp. Shepherd's Chapel with Pastor Arnold Murray. ii: Identified by Gordon as "waw", this sign is also impossible as Paleo-Hebrew in the period 100 B.C.-A.D. 100, based on shape and stance. In Paleo-Hebrew, words are required to be 169-413. [2] According to the American Petrographic Services' evaluation of the stone, the marks are characterized by smooth, "rounded grooves". (Same illustration is on p. 169 of 1870 edition The brass used to form the bracelets from Bat Creek contains 66.5 - 68.2 percent copper and 26.5 - 27.5 percent zinc. [3] Due to the efforts of Thomas and his team, and with the aid of his published work which extensively presented his findings, "the myth of a vanished race had been dealt a fatal blow".[3]. 1890 The Cherokee in Pre-Columbian Times. Bat Creek empties into the southwest bank of the Little Tennessee 12 miles (19km) upstream from the mouth of the river. While it is possible that the recent AMS determination accurately dates the burial, McCulloch s claim that the date "rules out the possibility of a modern origin for either the inscription or the bracelets" (1988:116) is not only erroneous, but also represents a characteristic, non-skeptical, cult archaeology assertion about a topic in which he has no expertise. One of the best recent works on ancient America is flawed to some extent by want of this precaution. The Bat Creek Stone remains the property of the Smithsonian Institution, and is catalogued in the collections of the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, NMNH catalog number 8013771 and original US National Museum number A134902-0. 1938 An Archaeological Survey of the Norris Basin in Eastern Tennessee. [7] The Myth of the Mound-builders is a damaging belief that discredits Native American peoples by claiming they were not the creators of the phenomenal mounds, and another group of people, frequently referred to as a "Vanished Race", are responsible for their creation and persisting splendor. Griffin, James B., David J. Meltzer, Bruce D. Smith, and William C. Sturtevant1988 A Mammoth Fraud in Science. The words are: R, QL, YH, VD. Kimberley (2000)). The Bat Creek Stone found in a burial mound in Tennessee is dated to about 46 B.C. Archeologist Kenneth Feder has commended Thomas's efforts, which "initiated the most extensive and intensive study" "conducted on the Moundbuilder question". orientation, and although several of the letters are not perfect as Paleo-Hebrew, Washington. 391-4. Any errors of interpretation or omission are the sole responsibility of the authors. 1970 The Davenport Conspiracy. Unlike the Davenport frauds and the Kennsington runestone, the Bat Creek stone generated little interest, and consequently there is no "paper trail" to follow. John Emmert excavated Bat Creek Mound 3, doing so "alone and in isolation". inscription, in Old Hebrew letters closely related to those in of the 19th century setting, as well as shade for picnickers. [15] And Professor in Biblical Studies and Ancient Near Eastern Studies at Johns Hopkins University, Kyle McCarter expresses, "the Bat Creek stone has no place in the inventory of Hebrew inscriptions from the time of the First Jewish Revolt against Rome" and "belongs to the melodrama of American archaeology in the late 19th century". One of the arguments against the authenticity of these stones is the supposed lack of corroborating evidence for Hebrew language. A picnic table and a small sign The lone letter below the main line is problematic, but could Many fraudulent antiquities appeared (Williams 1990), adding fuel to these already heated controversies; among the more well-known examples are the Davenport tablets and elephant pipes (McCussick 1970), the Kennsington runestone (Blegen 1968; Wahlgren 1958), the Calaveras skull (Dexter 1986), and the Holly Oak pendant (Griffin et al_. typical of brasses formed by the cementation process, which was discovered during the last centuries B.C. Swanton, John R. W.H. but as such is not well made, since in Paleo-Hebrew it should 1993, p. 46. 30. Lake Telico at the mouth of Bat Creek. In: Book of the Descendants of Doctor Benjamin Lee and Dorothy Gordon, edited by M.B. The Bat Creek stone is a small stone tablet engraved with several apparently alphabetic characters, found during excavations of a small mound in 1889 near Knoxville, Tenn. It is unfortunate that many of the important articles found in the best museums of our country are without a history that will justify their acceptance, without doubt, as genuine antiquities. It does not, In this paper we have addressed three key issues surrounding the Bat Creek stone and its interpretation. inscriptions are also clearly different, the Bat Creek His excuse for this is that he says that science has got it wrong with their decipherment of Egyptian Hieroglyphs. In the late 1960s and 1970s, the Tellico Archaeological Project, conducted by the University of Tennessee Department of Anthropology investigated over two dozen sites and uncovered evidence of substantial habitation in the valley during the Archaic (80001000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC 1000 AD), Mississippian (900-1600 AD), and Cherokee (c. 16001838) periods.
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