Boucek, R. E., E. E. Gaiser, H. Liu, and J. S. Rehage, 2016: A review of subtropical community resistance and resilience to extreme cold spells. NRCS, 2017: Plant profile: Allium tricoccum Aiton ramp. Ramps emerge in springtime and provide important nutrients after a long winter with a dearth of fresh vegetables. NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), Tallahassee, FL. While all regional residents and communities are potentially at risk for some impacts, some communities or populations are at greater risk due to their locations, services available, and economic situations. HOME; FAQ; GALLERY; SERVICES; PRODUCTS FOR YOUR COURT; CONTACT US; PRODUCT TYPES. The major urban centers in the Southeast are already impacted by poor air quality during warmer months. Web Design & Development by Upward Brand Interactions For example, citrus species are sensitive to freezing and chilling temperatures.148 However, in the future, climate change is expected to enable the survival of citrus in areas that are north of the current tolerance zone.142, The effects of changing winters reach far beyond just agricultural and garden plants. Flood events in Charleston, South Carolina, have been increasing, and by 2045 the city is projected to face nearly 180 tidal floods (flooding in coastal areas at high tide) per year, as compared to 11 floods per year in 2014.45 These floods affect tourism, transportation, and the economy as a whole. Clemson University, Clemson, SC. Lovelock, C. E., K. W. Krauss, M. J. Osland, R. Reef, and M. C. Ball, 2016: The physiology of mangrove trees with changing climate. Silliman, B. R., J. van de Koppel, M. D. Bertness, L. E. Stanton, and I. A. Whittington, and R. Paperno, 2016: Resilience of a tropical sport fish population to a severe cold event varies across five estuaries in southern Florida. 9: Oceans, KM 1). Since then, annual average temperatures have warmed to levels above the 1930s; the decade of the 2010s through 2017 has been warmer than any previous decade (App. Krakauer, N. Y., 2012: Estimating climate trends: Application to United States plant hardiness zones. Larcher, W., 2003: Physiological Plant Ecology: Ecophysiology and Stress Physiology of Functional Groups. UNC, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, Chapel Hill, NC. Copyright & Legal Disclaimer, Web Design & Development by Upward Brand Interactions. Robinet, C., and A. Roques, 2010: Direct impacts of recent climate warming on insect populations. The fast growth rate of urban areas in the Southeast contributes to aeroallergens, which are known to cause and exacerbate respiratory diseases such as asthma. The Lower Coastal Plain includes the actual coastal area of the state and the Sea Islands, as well as the Okefenokee Swamp. A wide variety of adaptation options are available, offering opportunities to improve the climate resilience, quality of life, and economy of urban areas.77,300,301,302,303,304. The annual mean projected losses are roughly halved (0.28 billion labor hours) and with a model range from 0.19 to 0.43 billion labor hours lost under RCP4.5 by 2090.35. Gubernot, D. M., G. B. Anderson, and K. L. Hunting, 2015: Characterizing occupational heat-related mortality in the United States, 20002010: An analysis using the census of fatal occupational injuries database. According to the article, [b]ecause losses are largest in regions that are already poorer on average, climate change tends to increase preexisting inequality in the United States.11 Understanding the demographic and socioeconomic composition of racial and ethnic groups in the region is important, because these characteristics are associated with health risk factors, disease prevalence, and access to care, which in turn may influence the degree of impact from climate-related threats. In Lenoir County, for example, manufacturing employs 25% of the workforce, whereas statewide this sector only employs 12% of the labor force1, and the countys population declined by 4.4% from 2010 to 2017. B., and J. S. Clark, 2016: Multiyear drought-induced morbidity preceding tree death in southeastern U.S. forests. Easterling, K.E. Wdowinski, S., R. Bray, B. P. Kirtman, and Z. Wu, 2016: Increasing flooding hazard in coastal communities due to rising sea level: Case study of Miami Beach, Florida. Wide variety of patterns & colors, in plank flooring & floor tiles. before making use of copyrighted material. On the coastal plains of North Carolina, the main industries are Agriculture and defense. The Mesa brand of liquid and solid colorants has a legacy of quality and reliability. - U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, 162 pp. The main crosstown traffic artery in Charleston, South Carolina (U.S. 17 Septima Clark Parkwaycrosstown), has historically been susceptible to flooding events (Figure 19.9). Zhang, Y., and Y. Wang, 2016: Climate-driven ground-level ozone extreme in the fall over the Southeast United States. Amenities and quality-of-life increasingly influence rural migration flows and business development. Much of the coastal region is located near Interstate 95, facilitating transport of goods to large markets in other states. The figure shows variability and change in (left) the annual number of days with precipitation greater than 3 inches (19002016) averaged over the Southeast by decade and (right) individual station trends (19502016). There ishigh confidencethat flood risks willvery likelyincrease in coastal and low-lying regions of the Southeast due to rising sea level and an increase in extreme rainfall events. Piedmont Region. Observed warming since the mid-20th century has been uneven in the Southeast region, with average daily minimum temperatures increasing three times faster than average daily maximum temperatures. Mount Pleasant, located on South Carolinas coast, received 26.88 inches of rain, which is an extremely rare event. Jane Harrison, North Carolina Sea Grants coastal economist, has published four editions online, including this issue on rural economic development. These thresholds correspond to discrete water levels relative to NOAA tide gauges. An increasing number of high heat and dry days as the climate warms poses a risk to efficient power generation, particularly under conditions where the mode of primary generation moves towards natural gas and water-intensive nuclear power.256, Agriculture, livestock rearing, and forestry activities are widespread and varied through the Southeast region.7 Climate change is expected to have an overall negative impact on agricultural productivity in the United States,35 although some crops could also become newly viable alternatives (Key Message 3, Figure 19.15). 2: Temperature-related death and illness. Bentz, B. J., and A. M. Jnsson, 2015: Chapter 13: Modeling bark beetle responses to climate change. 2017.; FTA 2013; City of Fayetteville 2017; City of Charleston 2015; City of New Orleans 2015; Tampa Bay Water 2014; EPA 2015; City of Atlanta 2015, 2017; Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact 201744,45,46,50,91,246,297,298,299). A closer look at the August 2016 event in Louisiana provides an example of how vulnerable inland communities in the Southeast region are to these extreme rainfall events. The ecological resources that people depend on for livelihoods, protection, and well-being are increasingly at risk from the impacts of climate change. In the southern Appalachians, ramps are threatened by two major processes: overharvesting pressures and a changing climate that could expose these plants to higher temperatures and lower soil moisture conditions during sensitive growth periods (Ch. The Gulf Coastal Plains prosper USGCRP, 2016: The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. B. McClenachan, L., G. O'Connor, B. P. Neal, J. M. Pandolfi, and J. Multiple studies have projected that urban areas, including those in the Southeast, will be adversely affected by climate change in a variety of ways. 9: Oceans, KM 2).35,252 While adaptation and resilience can moderate climate change impacts, rural areas generally face other stressors, such as poverty and limited access to healthcare, which will make coping to these climate-related challenges more difficult. Duke, N. C., J. M. Kovacs, A. D. Griffiths, L. Preece, D. J. E. Hill, P. van Oosterzee, J. Mackenzie, H. S. Morning, and D. Burrows, 2017: Large-scale dieback of mangroves in Australia's Gulf of Carpentaria: A severe ecosystem response, coincidental with an unusually extreme weather event. Remote regions in the coastal plain traditionally have depended economically on agriculture and manufacturing. 20: U.S. Caribbean, KM 3).204 With higher sea levels and increasing saltwater intrusion, the high winds, high precipitation rates, storm surges, and salts that accompany hurricanes will have large ecological impacts to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems.209,210, An example of the effects of rising sea levels can be found in Louisiana, which faces some of the highest land loss rates in the world. Peachesan important crop in the Southeastrequire an adequate period of cool temperatures, called the chill period, to produce yields that are economically viable. USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Washington, DC, 11 pp. 3 Fulton, John A., Fuguitt, Glenn V., and Richard M. Gibson. Dayton, P. K., 1972: Toward an understanding of community resilience and the potential effects of enrichments to the benthos at McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Authors with specific expertise in each of these areas were sought, and a draft outline built around these issues was developed. ), disagreement or lack of opinions among experts. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, MD, 58 pp. Littell, J. S., D. L. Peterson, K. L. Riley, Y. Liu, and C. H. Luce, 2016: A review of the relationships between drought and forest fire in the United States. Heat-related stresses are presently a major concern in the Southeast. For example, the distribution of tropical herbivorous fish has been expanding in response to warmer waters, which has resulted in the tropicalization of some temperate marine ecosystems and decreases in the cover of valuable macroalgal plant communities.179 A decrease in the growth of sea turtles in the West Atlantic has been linked to higher ocean temperatures.237 The impacts to coral reef ecosystems have been and are expected to be particularly dire. 12: Transportation, KM 1).52,63,67,68. In the future, rising temperatures and increases in the duration and intensity of drought are expected to increase wildfire occurrence and also reduce the effectiveness of prescribed fire practices.3,4,5,6. NOAA NCEI, 2018: Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters [web page]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, 1535 pp. Wiki User 2013-09-30 17:32:25 This answer is: Study guides Jobs 19 The amount of unpredictability in future projected rates of sea level rise is likely caused by a range of future climate scenarios projections and rate of ice sheet mass changes. As a result, MARTA has begun to identify vulnerable assets and prioritize improvements to develop a more resilient system.44. Williams, K., K. C. Ewel, R. P. Stumpf, F. E. Putz, and T. W. Workman, 1999: Sea-level rise and coastal forest retreat on the West Coast of Florida, USA. Hoegh-Guldberg, O., P. J. Mumby, A. J. Hooten, R. S. Steneck, P. Greenfield, E. Gomez, C. D. Harvell, P. F. Sale, A. J. Edwards, K. Caldeira, N. Knowlton, C. M. Eakin, R. Iglesias-Prieto, N. Muthiga, R. H. Bradbury, A. Dubi, and M. E. Hatziolos, 2007: Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Avery, M. L., R. M. Engeman, K. L. Keacher, J. S. Humphrey, W. E. Bruce, T. C. Mathies, and R. E. Mauldin, 2010: Cold weather and the potential range of invasive Burmese pythons. | The Coastal Plains have a varied economy. The differing trends in hot days and warm nights reflect the seasonal differences in average daily maximum and average daily minimum temperature trends. In the non-metropolitan counties in the coastal region, approximately 60% of households have broadband internet service subscriptions. The previous record year was 2005 with a total of $214.8 billion (in 2017 dollars; $208.4 billion in 2015 dollars), which included the impacts of Hurricanes Dennis, Katrina, Rita, and Wilma.99, In 2017, Hurricane Irma was one of three major hurricanes to make landfall in the United States and territories, with the most significant impacts occurring in the Southeast region. Kunkel, K.L.M. As a result, the ecological resources that people depend on for livelihood, protection, and well-being are increasingly at risk, and future generations can expect to experience and interact with natural systems that are much different than those that we see today (very likely, high confidence). B. Smith, W. Perkins, L. Jantarasami, and J. Martinich, 2015: Climate change risks to US infrastructure: Impacts on roads, bridges, coastal development, and urban drainage. Changing climatic conditions (particularly, changes in the frequency and severity of climate extremes) are, however, difficult to replicate via experimental manipulations; hence, ecological responses to future climate regimes have not been fully quantified for all species and ecosystems. Cartwright, J. M., and W. J. Wolfe, 2016: Insular ecosystems of the southeastern United States: A regional synthesis to support biodiversity conservation in a changing climate. A far distance to markets, low population density, and an abundance of natural resources are distinguishing features of rural places. The freeze-free season lengthens by more than a month, and the frequency of freezing temperatures decreases substantially.20,21. These increases were widespread across the region and can have important effects on both humans and the natural environment.18 By contrast, the number of days above 95F has been lower since 1960 compared to the pre-1960 period, with the highest numbers occurring in the 1930s and 1950s, both periods of severe drought (Figure 19.1). American Fact Finder. Many recreational fishery populations in tropical coastal areas are freeze-sensitive138,174,175,176,177,178 and are, therefore, expected to move northward in response to warmer water and air temperatures. Office of the Governor, Atlanta, GA. September 6. Scott, R., 2017: Gov. Others are tourism & recreation, shipping, papermaking, commercial fishing and forestry. Lewis, T.K. doi: Cavanaugh, K. C., J. D. Parker, S. C. Cook-Patton, I. C. Feller, A. P. Williams, and J. R. Kellner, 2015: Integrating physiological threshold experiments with climate modeling to project mangrove species' range expansion. Winter temperature extremes, fire regimes, sea levels, hurricanes, rainfall extremes, drought extremes, and warming ocean temperatures greatly influence the distribution, abundance, and performance of species and ecosystems. Southeastern cities may be more vulnerable than cities in other regions of the United States due to the climate being more conducive to some vector-borne diseases, the presence of multiple large coastal cities at low elevation that are vulnerable to flooding and storms, and a rapidly growing urban and coastal population.22,295,296, Many city and county governments, utilities, and other government and service organizations have already begun to plan and prepare for the impacts of climate change (e.g., Gregg et al. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, MD, 75 pp. In the Upper Coastal Plain, which covers the central and southwestern portions of the state, agriculture is the dominant activity. Kuffner, I. 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